innovationИнформация и инновацииInformation and Innovations1994-24432949-2157МЦНТИ10.31432/1994-2443-2024-19-3-5-18innovation-272Research ArticleИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫInformation processesСовременные методические подходы к оценке рисков здоровья участников пилотируемых миссийCurrent methodological approaches assessing the healthrelated risks assessment in manned spaceflight missionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8854-9222ЛобановА. В.LobanovA. V.

Алексей Владимирович Лобанов, младший научный сотрудник

г. Москва

Alexey V. Lobanov, Junior Researcher

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-6324МакееваЕ. Д.MakeevaE. D.

Елена Дмитриевна Макеева, младший научный сотрудник

г. Москва

Elena D. Makeeva, Junior Researcher

Moscow

МешковД. О.MeshkovD. O.

Дмитрий Олегович Мешков, д. м. н., заведующий лабораторией

г. Москва

Dmitry O. Meshkov, MD, PhD, Doctor of Sciences, Head of the Laboratory

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-7815ПономаревС. А.PonomarevS. A.

Сергей Алексеевич Пономарев, д. м. н., заведующий лабораторией

г. Москва

Sergey A. Ponomarev, MD, PhD, Doctor of Sciences, Head of the Laboratory

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-6802ЧеркасовС. Н.CherkasovS. N.

Сергей Николаевич Черкасов, д. м. н., главный научный сотрудник

г. Москва

Sergey N. Cherkasov, MD, PhD, Doctor of Sciences, Chief Researcher

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-4894ПащенкоА. Ф.PashchenkoA. F.

Александр Федорович Пащенко, к. т. н., заве дующий лабораторией

г. Москва

Alexander F. Pashchenko, Ph.D., Head of the Laboratory

Moscow

СидельниковЮ. В.SidelnikovYu. V.

Юрий Валентинович Сидельников, д. т. н., главный научный сотрудник; профессор, Московский авиационный институт (Национальный исследовательский университет (МАИ)

г. Москва

Yuri V. Sidelnikov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chief Researcher; Professor, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University (MAI)

Moscow

sidelnikovy@mail.ruИнститут проблем управления имени В. А. Трапезникова РАНРоссияV. A. Trapeznikov Institute for Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут медико-биологических проблем РАНРоссияInstitute for Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2024240120251935–18Copyright © Лобанов А.В., Макеева Е.Д., Мешков Д.О., Пономарев С.А., Черкасов С.Н., Пащенко А.Ф., Сидельников Ю.В., 20252025Лобанов А.В., Макеева Е.Д., Мешков Д.О., Пономарев С.А., Черкасов С.Н., Пащенко А.Ф., Сидельников Ю.В.Lobanov A.V., Makeeva E.D., Meshkov D.O., Ponomarev S.A., Cherkasov S.N., Pashchenko A.F., Sidelnikov Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.icsti.int/jour/article/view/272

Дальнейшее развитие пилотируемой космонавтики требует соответствующих научных и соответствующих современных методических подходов к оценке рисков для здоровья участников миссий на орбитальную станцию с  большим наклонением орбиты и межпланетных миссий. Для оценки современных подходов к определению, классификации, оценке и управлению рисками пилотируемых космических полетов были использованы «Environmental Scanning», а также доступные интернет-источники (PubMed и EMBASE; 198 соответствующих публикаций) и личные сообщения с последующим экспертным обсуждением в рамках междисциплинарной рабочей группы. Результаты показали, что необходимо уточнить сам термин «риск», разработать или адаптировать математические модели, основанные на современных подходах, отличных от дифференциального исчисления, и обеспечивающие экспертную поддержку управленческих решений, к имеющимся доказательным данным реального мира, полученным в экспериментах с использованием лабораторных животных, наземных имитационных исследованиях с участием добровольцев, а также в ходе пред- и послеполетных обследований астронавтов. Для этой цели целесообразно использовать междисциплинарные и межведомственные рабочие группы, включающие специалистов в области авиационной, космической и морской медицины, общественного здравоохранения, организации и управления здравоохранением, а также современные математические методы анализа и статистики.

Further development of manned space exploration requires appropriate scientific and appropriate modern methodological approaches assessing the health risks of participants in missions to an orbital station with high inclination of the orbit and interplanetary missions. The "Environmental Scanning" as well as available Internet sources (PubMed and EMBASE; 198 relevant publications) and personal messages, followed by expert discussion within the framework of an interdisciplinary working group were used to assess the contemporary approaches of manned spaceflight risk definition, classification, assessment and management. The results indicated that the term "risk" itself needs to be clarified, and mathematical models based on modern approaches other than differential calculus and providing expert support for management decisions should be developed or adapted to available evidence-based real-world data obtained in experiments using laboratory animals, ground-based simulation studies with the participation of volunteers, as well as during pre- and post-flight examinations of astronauts. It is advisable for this purpose to use interdisciplinary and interdepartmental working groups, including experts in the field of aviation, space and marine medicine, public health and health organization and control sciences as well as contemporary mathematical methods of analysis and statistics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.